Research Purpose Statement Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exploration Purpose Statement Development - Essay Example universities.† This reason articulation clarifies and legitimizes the goal of things to come research; it sets the targets and explains the primary thought of the exploration study. The NCU Proposal and Dissertation Review Form (DRF) fills in as a source reference for extra data with respect to reason explanation prerequisites and proper documentation. A progression of inquiries investigated the exploration issue before clarifying and defending the proposed reason articulation. Different sources are used in this paper, including diverse distributed examination materials and Internet articles. The effect of outside understudies on the instructive business in America can’t be overlooked both as far as the money related perspectives and the decent variety these understudies bring to American schools and colleges (Institute of International Education (IIE), 2010). Anyway the reaction to this developing number of worldwide understudies has been, best case scenario detached. While there has been a scope of various examinations finished over the most recent ten years on ideas, for example, understudy pressure, social pressure and other distinguished anxieties that worldwide understudies battle with when they start their instructive excursion in America the reports appear to be not able to locate a useful answer for the issue. This absence of instructive model, one that could expand global understudy achievement and fulfillment in concentrating in American organizations, could contrarily affect the eventual fate of this so far developing business. Given that the IIE (2010) revealed that global understudies contribute nearly $20 billion dollars through their educational cost costs and living costs more endeavors ought to be made to guarantee that the instructive experience for universal understudies is certain and addresses their issues. The examination led to date has concentrated on recognizing key anxieties that worldwide understudies face when they concentrate in America. While this creator has discovered an abundance of material about worldwide understudies and the

DB Qs Dar mkt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DB Qs Dar mkt - Essay Example In such manner, the importance of online stores like Amazon can't be denied taking purchasing inclination to the following level. Organizations need to change to forceful advertising techniques so as to react to the showcasing needs and consumers’ requests. Amazon ought to consider offering on the web stage to physical stores so as to help them in enduring rather alongside keeping up the forceful advertising channels to take into account the requirements and request of purchasers. There are various elements influencing the purchasing conduct of shoppers including the segment, social, mental, and financial components. Keller 2 expressed that segment factors like age, sex, and sexual orientation decides the purchasing inclination of shoppers while social components like inclination for specific items alongside accessibility likewise influences the purchasing procedure. Kotler 3 expressed that monetary factors as accessibility of cash and need likewise decide the purchasing conduct. Notwithstanding, factors like reference from others and advertising channels likewise influence the customer conduct and their purchasing choices over the long haul. Keller 2 accepted that business to clients and business to business are two unique things that need legitimate comprehension and investigation. As far as the significant contrast, it very well may be said that business to clients depends on enthusiastic interface, investigation of cost and benefits, and recognizing the particular needs. Then again, business to business depends on examining the advantages on a more extensive note regularly dependent on close to home and private introductions by the advertisers expressing the helpfulness and advantages of the items and administrations. B2C isn't a lot of individual in nature while B2B is regularly exceptionally close to home in nature as far as connoting the worth and advantages. Keller 2 further included that B2C is additionally determined by the reference and proposals of others while B2B is driven by the intensive investigation of the

Psychiatrist interviewing Heathcliff :: English Literature

Therapist talking with Heathcliff Specialist: Hello, my name is Dr. Patel from the college of Bombay. I am here with a man whom has been to my medical procedure a lot of times to request counsel and help, his name is Heathcliff. He is here to discuss his vengeance on the individuals of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. So lets ask him how this started and turned out. Hi Heathcliff, how might I help you? Heathcliff: I have an inclination that I have to deliver retribution on certain individuals that have treated me wrongly before. How might I shun doing this? Specialist: Well, before I can make a judgment why not let me know more about yourself. Heathcliff: Well, this all returns to my adolescence. I was found pondering the roads of Liverpool by a man named Mr. Earnshaw. Mr. Earnshaw as of now had two youngsters by the names of Hindley and Catherine. During my time with the Earnshaw's, their child, Hindley, didn't treat me like one of the family. Hindley regarded me as a slave since his dad considered more me than he did his other youngsters. Clearly enviously was brought out of Hindley along these lines. Hindley just started to treat me like this after his dad had passed away in light of the fact that he acquired Wuthering Heights. Specialist: I see, is this man Hindley the main individual you believe you must have vengeance on. Heathcliff: No, there is another man by the name of Edgar Linton. The fundamental explanation I believe I have to welcome vengeance on this man is on the grounds that he hitched the lady I cherished. Therapist: Yes, would you be able to account for yourself somewhat better about the subject? Heathcliff: During my time with the Earnshaw's I started to begin to look all starry eyed at with their little girl, Catherine. I had cherished her for quite a while until one day I over-heard Catherine telling somebody that she can't wed me by virtue of my poor social standing. After this I left Withering Statures just to find that she had hitched Edgar Linton just since he was a beneficiary of a well off neighboring family. Specialist: OK, what else do you think about Edgar Linton? Heathcliff: I realize that he was a beneficiary to a bequest called Thrushcross Grange. Therapist: During your nonappearance from Wuthering Heights what occurred? Heathcliff: Whilst I was from Wuthering Heights I concluded that I should attempt to acquire some cash to prop me up, so I continually read the work page of each paper in England. In the end I found a commercial for an occupation as a messenger, so I acknowledged it. I had shown up grinding away just to discover it was a medications messenger's activity.

Impact Of Globalization On The World - 1229 Words

â€Å"Globalization is the process by which everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world.† Presently, the world is considered more globalized than it has ever been. The world today has embarked on strong world relations through trade, exchanging both knowledge and goods. According to the World Trade Organization there are ten benefits of trading systems; the first entails the idea that â€Å"people are usually reluctant to fight their customers.† This is the foundation our world is constructed on. Globalization’s effects in the world presently has allowed for a reduction in armed conflicts and warfare. Though armed conflicts have been reduced through the effects of globalization, they†¦show more content†¦The near-doubling in the number of democracies since 1990 has been equally important, because established democratic states, for a variety of reasons, rarely fight each other militarily.† These statistics exemplify how our world is substituting wars with other forms of solution making methods through the effects of globalization. The development and simplicity of world trade has significantly increased over the past decades, predominantly after World War II. Prior to World War II, globalization was emerging, however, world orders were unsure of how to administer and resolve issues established through the new process of globalization. This circumstance led to many injustices and wars as countries battled for dominance without any proper supervision. Following the end of the war in 1945, the world orders found it essential to restructure the exchange policies and economic expansions after the destruction imposed by the war. One revolutionary system blossomed, the Bretton Woods Agreement. This agreement allowed a standardized â€Å"system for monetary and exchange rate management, which ultimately fostered for the formation of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.† Currencies were connected to gold and the International Monetary Fund was given the authority to intercede when a discrepancy of payments arose. This was a monumental time in history, where the new globalized world found it

Rhetorical Analysis I Have A Dream - 767 Words

Shelly Ahmed Deborah Williams Rhetorical Analysis 04 November 2017 â€Å"I Have a Dream† The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 1963. There was about 250,000 people in attendance. It was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nations capital, and the first to have a lot television coverage. Dr.King uses the bible to receive an emotional reaction and connection from the audience as The glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.† This shows the belief that all people will stand and together one day. Dr.King uses metaphors throughout his speech and he refers a hypothetical check in which the American people should cash which receives a great roaring reaction†¦show more content†¦King used what some people thought and knew about Abraham Lincoln to influence his entire audience. Lincoln was a president who empowered Americans throughout the civil war. He gained the trust of America and established a feeling of freedom. Martin Luther King refers to the credibility of Lincoln. He quotes, â€Å"unalienable Rights† of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness†. He mentions how the American government had broken its promise to American people. Dr.King uses his own credibility and reputation as an American citizen who was effected by the actions of the government. Dr. King makes a reference to the Declaration of Independence by citing life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. To show how no one has been able to live up to those standards mentioned in the Declaration of Independence. He also uses a biblical references. One is I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted... which comes out of Isaiah 40:4-5. Meaning everything will be equal in the eyes of God so the temporary situation, won’t quite last forever. He uses reputation by referring to Abraham Lincoln and how, â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.† Dr. King also refers to the emancipation proclamation as a check several times within the speech. The check in which the American people need to cash. TheShow MoreRelatedI Have a Dream: Rhetorical Analysis865 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I Have a Dream† Rhetorical Analysis Five elements of rhetoric: * Speaker: Martin Luther King Jr., a Baptist minister from Atlanta, Georgia, who was inspired by Christianity and Gandhi. * Audience: Primarily African-Americans were present at the speech, but it was heard by many white Americans across the country. * Subject: A call for an end to racism in the United States. * Context: The speech was given on August 28, 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, in a time where it was very difficultRead MoreI Have A Dream Rhetorical Analysis1346 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I Have a Dream† Rhetorical Analysis The speech â€Å"I Have A Dream† was voiced by activist Martin Luther King Junior on the Lincoln Memorial during an era in which blacks suffered prejudice in America, a place in which whites could enjoy the land’s opportunities and freedoms but blacks could not. Martin Luther King’s speech was intended to express his present and future aspirations towards the upheaval concerning the inequality and racial injustice that the nation was experiencing however, lackingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream 1372 Words   |  6 Pagesdelivered his renowned â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. This speech is a prime example of rhetorical approaches and rhetorical devices flowing effortlessly together to create an effective speech that leaves a legacy. The use of rhetorical devices and approaches gives a speech or text more power in its deliverance to the audience and is able to evoke emotions that would no t show with the use of solely literal, direct language. Rhetorical devices are key inRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have Dream1489 Words   |  6 Pages28, 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. presented his iconic well-known speech, â€Å"I Have Dream† in Washington D.C. This speech was addressed over forty years ago and it is still relevant to this day and will live on for generations. His purpose was to command racial justice to African Americans who have experienced maltreatment and to come together to fight for equality afforded to all under the Constitution. King used the rhetorical devices: ethos, logos and pathos to persuade the nation to grant all equalRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis: of I Have a Dream Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech, King makes use of an innumerable amount of rhetorical devices that augment the overall understanding and flow of the speech. King makes the audience feel an immense amount of emotion due to the outstanding use of pathos in his speech. King also generates a vast use of rhetorical devices including allusion, anaphora, and antithesis. The way that King conducted his speech adds to the comprehension and gives the effect that he wants to rise above the injusticesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream 1349 Words   |  6 Pagescollege dropout, someone who didn’t even have enough for food stood before the students of Stanford College; graduating class of 2005. Words are just words if not spoken in a correct manner. What a person speaks with passion is what moves an audience. Throughout time, speeches have been remembered because of how they connected with their audiences: â€Å"If the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter.† â€Å"I have a dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The message that was given to theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech924 Words   |  4 Pagesis his â€Å"I have a d ream† speech. The reason â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech made massive impacts, is due to It struck directly into the hearts of Americans both black and white making America realize just what is really going on in this world. King informed people about racial equality and fairness. This speech hit home so well just by the way he structured his speech. You can notice that MLK structures his speech to appeal to the different types of audience, supporting it with the three rhetorical modes;Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech752 Words   |  4 Pages28, 1963 At the Lincoln Commemoration 200,000 individuals accumulated after the Walk on Washington. This is the place Dr. Martin Luther conveyed his discourse I Have a Dream to America. He talked about the treacheries of isolation and separation of African Americans that was occurring in our country. In his first explanation he stated, I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greate st demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. In this announcement heRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is arguably the most emotionally moving and persuasive speech of all time. But, to understand the speech one must first understand the context. At this time, the slave era was far gone but, not forgotten. Negro men and women were still experiencing segregation in the 1960’s. There was negro bathrooms, negro schools, negro water fountains, and even negro restaurants. Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential black man who took on theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1058 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"I have a Dream† demonstrates the combination of the rhetorical appeals to support his argument for equality and social justice because he draws attention to the past history of Americaâ€℠¢s Injustice and oppression towards black Americans. One of the explanations that the I Have a Dream address by Martin Luther King Jr. is memorable is that it contains a superb balance of Aristotles 3 rhetorical appeals: attribute, pathos, and logos. Ethos is associate charm to authority

Hrm Case Study - 12223 Words

Case Study-1 Jack Nelson’s Problem Chapter-1 Introduction to Human Resource Management Page: 1 * The case is all about the necessity amp; functions of HR unit in a local bank. In this bank Jack Nelson is a member of board of director and Ruth Jonson is an excellent employee. As Mr. Nelson was very much curious about how Jonson operate her machine, she briefly gave an idea about it. Speaking with the in-charged supervisor of a branch of this bank Nelson found that something was wrong inside the branches. But unfortunately it was not known to Jonson. Jonson found out the main problem and it was high employee turnover. In this bank selection time of employee is very short and at the same time the new employer quit their job in a†¦show more content†¦Human resource managers’ job has grown broader and more strategic over a period of time. They are strategic human resource management, creating high performance work system, managing with technology and effective HR practices. The emphasis on strategic human resource management is one change in what HR managers do: a focus on productivity and performance is another. HR managers often use HR scorecards to facilitate the measurement process. The HR scorecard is a visual and computerized model that enables managers to demonstrate how HR contributes to the company’s financial success. It also shows the measurable, cause-and-effect links between three things: (1) HR activities (such as improving the firm’s incentive plan), (2) intermediate employee result (such as improved morale), (3) end-result company metrics (such as improved customer service and higher profits). The last topic is about the proficiency of the HR manager. Human Resource managers need four proficiencies included ÃŒ ¶ HR proficiency (represents traditional knowledge and skills of employee selection, training and compensation), business proficiency (reflect human resource professionals’ new strategic roles), leadership proficiency (ability to work with the lead management group), and learning proficiency (ability to stay abreast and apply all new technologies). Finally I would like to conclude the chapter summary by giving concluding information that isShow MoreRelatedHrm 595 Week 5 Case Study 1 Capital Mortgage770 Words   |  4 PagesHRM 595 WEEK 5 CASE STUDY 1 CAPITAL MORTGAGE To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hrm-595-week-5-case-study-1-capital-mortgage/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HRM 595 WEEK 5 CASE STUDY 1 CAPITAL MORTGAGE HRM 595 Week 5 Case Study 1: Capital Mortgage Insurance Corporation Assignment HRM 595 Week 5 Case Study 1: Capital Mortgage Insurance Corporation Assignment Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students ofRead MoreHrm Case Study2220 Words   |  9 Pagesreview of the key policies and practices that Little Chef HR department use to achieve service quality Word Count: 1812 Human Resource Management This academic work discusses the hard and soft models of Human Resource Management (HRM) based on the Little Chef case study which helped to understand and identify the key policies and practices used by Human Resource to meet the objective of service quality. Human Resource Management is defined as a number of ways to people management, Price (2007).Read MoreHrm Strategy : A Case Study On Ikea1375 Words   |  6 PagesHRM Strategy in a case study on IKEA 1. Introduction The human resource function has undergone throughout its history major transformations and evolutions. Concepts managements have given way to others as imposed by the globalization of markets and by a workforce more educated: more fluid and diverse. In this context of internationalization, companies are anxious to take their benefit so as to seek the most advantageous model management. United States speak of mobilizing and unifying model of humanRead MoreBba (Case Study Hrm)1386 Words   |  6 PagesCase Incident: Jack Nelsons Problem (page 30) 1. What do you think was causing some of the problems in the savings and loan home office and branches? There is clearly a problem with communication, and the effects are felt in the area of employee commitment. Additional contributing factors include the lack of consistency in the policies and procedures of various locations. There is no cohesiveness to the staffing activities of this organization. Read MoreUnilever Case Study Hrm2443 Words   |  10 PagesManagement Planning 168 CHAPTER 20 numbers and categories of suitable employees to undertake the task of producing the organisation’s goods or services to the standards expected by the end-users. Even organisations that rarely plan far ahead usually have to make some assessment of their present employee situation, so as to ensure that an appropriate range of skills is available for all the mainstream activities of the organisation. This chapter assumes that a systematic and planned view ofRead MoreDataDot Case Study on HRM1117 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CASE DATADOT Motivation in Practice Introduction A young high-tech company, Datadot, has grown rapidly during the last few years and it is very clear that the CEO, Paul, has kept the entrepreneurial spirit of the company. Due to the rapid growth, there has been a restructure of the company with now three managers in three business units; although, the managers are in charge of applications, communications and Internet solutions, Paul is still the single point of contact for all staff andRead MoreGoogle Case Studies- Hrm3612 Words   |  15 Pagesperformance driven HR planning and development practices distinguish itself from competitors and brings quality amp; loyal workers who are committed and passionate about the success of their organization. In order to understand the concepts and HRM strategies/practices learned in lectures better, I have chosen the company that has ranked 1st on ‘100 Best Companies to Work For’ list of Fortune (a well-known international business magazine) for 2007, 2008 and 2012. , based in Mountain View, CaliforniaRead MoreHP HRM Case Study2291 Words   |  10 Pagesorganizational culture as it is something what makes this company unique. At the same time we should prevent big changes as it may not be welcomed by its employees. And so, we have decided to maintain the core idea but tailor it to current situation. In this case previously analyzed problems should be solved following: FAMILY FEELING Though growing rapidly the company should try to maintain a small company feel. 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Present the functions of HRM in this organisation and its evolution through the years and finish with a personal reflection on practice and business strategy in this area The IKEA case study discusses the aspects of HRM and the approaches adopted by IKEA focuses on nurturing and developing staff. In aiming to achieve corporate goals, this initiative has enable growth, innovation, creativeness and success of the organisation. In this case study, the analysis will focus on recruitment

Report on Ethical Theories & Practices

Question: Write a report on ethical theories practices. Answer: Introduction Business ethics are most o the time those code of conducts, which people assume that the organization would follow, although, there are chances of not following the set of code of conducts. There are certain behaviors within the organization that classifies the organization, either as a good or as a bad organization. There are entrepreneurs who, think that for the success of an organization business ethics is not that much important. Such is not the case because ethics are something that influences not only the stakeholders and the customers but at the same time, it influences the shareholders at the same time. Business ethics is something that affects the whole of the operations in the business in general. The global market has many business scandals, which proves that the organizations that have not followed the business ethics had to suffer a lot. One such business scandal is the Sanlu milk scandal (Branigan, 2009). The scandal got its exposure in the year 2008 on the month of August. According to different reports, the Sanlu Group is one of the most important dairy producers in China, who contaminated milk powder with melamine. The result of this contamination was, 30,000 babies only in China became sick and six babies had to experience the fatalities. Fonterra, the company from New Zealand, was one of the shareholders of the company. Fonterra warned Sanlu group about the contamination that are there in the products (Yan, 2011). The particular incident not harm the reputation of the company or the group but the particular incident harmed the reputation of the country as well. Other countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, banned goods coming from China. The reputation that Ch ina earned as the leading exporter of the product faced a challenge. Theories Utilitarianism with Reference to Sanlu Milk Scandal Utilitarianism is one of the most important moral reasoning that is being used in the business ethics. According to the utilitarian theory, anything or rather any act that brings happiness for the greatest majority of the people in a group or society is considered as the right or the good act (Approaches to the Study of Ethics. 2016). Utilitarianism is a theory that is concerned about the benefit of the majority and for the happiness of the greatest majority of the people; it supports things like coercion and manipulation. During the eighteenth and the nineteenth century the English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, for the first time came up with the theory of Utilitarianism (Khan, 2016). After Bentham came up with this particular theory, it went through lots of changes. For example, Bentham supported the fact that the happiness of the majority should be measured in terms of pleasure and pain. In the nineteenth century, John Stuart Mill, another follower of the utilitarianism theory, came up with a little variation in the theory. According to Mill, one should measure the happiness n terms of quality and the quantity of the pain and the pleasure. Thus, one particular theory has gone through lots of changes and in the workplace, the particular theory has two different division. The first division of the utilitarian theory is the Act Theory, or the Act-Utilitarianism. According to this particular theory, if a particular behavior of the organization brings pain to the majority then the act or the behavior of the organization should be considered as right (Zuber Asheim, 2012). If the act of the organization fails to provide happiness to the majority, then the act would not be considered as the right action. Thus, the particular theory actually supports not only, the fairest methods but at the same time, it supports the most ethical decision that the organization could make. The Sanlu Milk scandal does not gets approve even by the act-utilitarian theory, because the decision the organization had taken would have brought profit to the organization but it would not have caused happiness to the majority (Workplace Example of Utilitarianism Ethics | FutureofWorking.com. 2016). The decision of the Sanlu Group actually brought pain to more than one group of people, which includes, the customers, other stakeholders and even the shareholder of the organization. The scandal affected the reputation of the country, that is, China. Rule-Utilitarianism is another form of utilitarianism, which is different from the act-utilitarianism. Rule-utilitarianism, unlike the act-utilitarianism, does not depend on the action carried on by an organization or by a person (Mautner, 2016). The theory depends on the set of rules, which will provide happiness to the majority of the people in the society or in a group. The rule-utilitarianism, considered a certain situation, and there are certain rules against that situation that would give greater happiness to the people. For example, according to the rule-utilitarian theory it is the rule that the manipulation of the price of the goods is not acceptable. Therefore, even if the act-utilitarian theory supports the manipulation of the prices for the greater good of the majority, such is not acceptable by the rule-utilitarian theory. The Sanlu milk scandal of the 2008 is not even approved by the rule-utilitarian theory as well. The group has manipulated with the ingredients of the product and this is something that is not an acceptable rule, which would bring happiness for the majority. Thus, neither the act-utilitarian theory, nor the rule-utilitarian theory approves the actions of the Sanlu Group. Individualism with Reference to Sanlu Milk Scandal The theory of individualism is based on the self-interest of an individual that would help an organization to benefit, at least in the end. The individualism theory gives more emphasis to the personal benefits of the individuals (Business and Economic Ethics Lesson One: Business Society and Normative Ethics. 2016). According to this particular theory if an organization follows the theory of individualism then it could utilize the selfish interest of the people as an instrument of motivation. Thus, according to this theory the personal or the self-interest of the people is given more importance. The particular theory gives more emphasis to the long-term benefits and not much importance is given to the short-term benefits. The The particular theory has one problem and that is although the theory gives more importance to the long-term benefits and not much importance to the short-term benefits; yet, many times, the organization move towards the short-term benefits (Weiss, 2014). Therefore, most of the time the self-interest of the individual or the organization leads to such decision making situations that does not bring happiness for the people; or it can be said that those decisions are not in any way ethical for the people or the society (Quinn, Reed, Browne Hiers, 2016).. Therefore, most of the time, the individualism theory turned out to be fruitful for the organization but most of the time the ethical notion that is attached to it is missed out at the same time. The Sanlu milk scandal can be considered as one such incident, where the theory has been used in the wrong way, to gain maximum benefit (Velasquez, Andre, Shanks Meyer, 2012). The Sanlu Group, like many other organizations emphasized on the short-term benefits and not on the long-term benefits. Therefore, the individual interest of the people served the short-term benefits of the people and the company gained profit as well (Liu, Lee, Hui, Kwan Wu, 2013). The problem aroused when the scandal has its exposure in the global market; and the reputation of the group was hampered at the same time. The individualism theory, therefore, lies in a stark contrast with the utilitarian theory, because this particular theory gives more emphasis to the individual gain and loss (The Chinese Tainted Milk Scandal|Business Ethics|Case Study|Case Studies. 2016). The utilitarian theory on the other hand gives more importance to the collective happiness of the people. The Sanlu milk scandal of the 2008 can be considered as such a case where the decision-making things are individualistic in nature and not collective in nature. It can be seen as a case where the individualism theory has been used to have short-term gains. The individualism theory can only be ethical if the theory is used to serve the long-term purpose. The particular theory therefore, raises a conflict between individual choices and the norms that are there in a corporation. Thus, it can be said that this particular theory is not really an appropriate theory for the modern corporations that are there in the global market. The S anlu milk scandal, according to many scholars and critics, opened up the long-term and short-term orientation that should be there in the organization. Rights Approach with Reference to Sanlu Milk Scandal Another important ethical approach is the Rights approach, where the dignity of the individual and the freedom of the individual are given respect. According to this particular theory or approach, every individual has the right to live freely, and at the same time, they have the right to express their views and their wills. The particular approach depends n the choices that one make, and this choices should ensure not only that person but everyone else has the freedom to live their life, according to their will. The people, who are making the choices, should be responsible enough to make the choices (Donnelly, 2013). The choices should not only be legitimate but at the same time should be morally correct as well. The particular theory or approach can be divided into two parts. One way to interpret the particular theory is the positive way and the second way to interpret he particular theory is the negative way. The German philosopher Immanuel Kant has made the positive way of interpretation of the rights approach, in the eighteenth century. According to Kant if individuals are seen as a means of a purpose then that will not actually, contribute towards the development of the humanity (van Hoorn, 2014). According to Kant, if people want to show respect towards the dignity of the other people and want to save them from moral wrong doings then they should see people as the end of a purpose (Meeler, 2016). If one goes by this definition of the positive approach then it can be said that in case of the Sanlu milk scandal, the babies and the customers are seen as the means to earn the profit for the company. Thus, the company made the free decision of manipulating the ingredients, because they thought that their customers are the means, through, which they will earn their profit (Williams, Galick, Knudsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Martin Huenergardt, 2013). Thus, they fail to provide respect to a larger amou nt of the individuals and to their dignity and thus ethically could not contribute to the society, nor did it sustained in the global market for a long time. The other interpretation of the rights approach is the negative interpretation. According to this particular interpretation, there are certain rights that are being claimed by an individual, but to ensure that the individual receives what he/she has claimed, certain duties are imposed on the others (McMenemy, 2014). Among all such rights, there is one very important right and that is the right to not be, killed by others. The Sanlu milk scandal violates the particular negative right that people enjoy and want that the others perform their duties in such a way that they do not face any problem in enjoying their right. In case of the Sanlu milk scandal, the people who were working in the organization, and the decision-making body in the organization, fails to perform their duties (Feng, Brewer Ley, 2012). Thus, six babies have to face the fatalities and they were denies the negative right of not to be killed by the others. Justice Approach with Reference to Sanlu Milk Scandal Justice approach again is another important approach, in the business ethics. The particular approach has its roots in the Western culture. The ancient western culture, which includes, philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, has the reference to the theory of justice. The particular approach is being referred as the fairness approach at the same time. The particular supports, neither favoritism nor does it support any kind of discrimination, as well. According to Aristotle, one could only ensure justice if there is an equal treatment for those who are equal and unequal treatment for those who are unequal (Arthur, Ashton Beecher, 2014). Thus, the particular approach is of the opinion that people should be treated equally without any kind of discrimination. The particular approach can be explained as the distribution of happiness and the burden among the people. In deciding the fairness of distributing the happiness and the burden among the people, it is important to take into consider ation the amount of benefits that is being enjoyed by a particular section of people. In the Sanlu Milk scandal, the organization and the decision-making body who was there in the organization enjoyed the profit. On the other hand, the customers or rather the consumers, of this organization are those people who had to suffer because of the manipulation of the ingredients (Sanlu | Homepaddock. 2016). Therefore, here one group is favored over the other and this is something that could not be claimed as the justice that is there for the people. The Sanlu milk scandal, supported favoritism and thus it had negated justice. Justice has been denied in this particular scandal because here there is no equal treatment for the people (Noddings, 2013). If one group has enjoyed profit then the other had not only suffered but it actually took the life of many people as well. In this particular case people who were accused of providing milk powder, contaminated with melamine to the people, or rather to the babies, although received equal amount of justice. The Sanlu milk scandal, according to the reports presented by China, harmed almost 30,000 babies among these 30,000 babies six had to experience fatalities. There are almost 54,000 babies who had been hospitalized and after around four years or so 12 babies, who were being fed the Sanlu milk powder died of malnutrition (Ivey Publishing. 2016). Therefore, the Chinese government conducted a criminal case against the company and two of the officials in the company were executed. Apart from these two officers, other officers had to face or rather experience imprisonment. The other officers of the company received 15 years of imprisonment. Thus, in case of receiving, if one go by the justice approach it can be said that the Sanlu group has been punished in the right way. Thus, it had provided the right justice to the people, who had suffered because they had consumed the products that are being offered by the Sanlu Group. The Sanlu milk scandal, therefore, is a scandal that has actually not provided justice to most of the people. It not only includes the customers and the stakeholders but at the same time it includes other organization in the country. The Sanlu group gained benefit through the manipulation, at least a short-term profit, but the reputation of the other Chinese organization was affected because of the action that has been carried out by the Sanlu group. Countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, did not allow selling those goods in the country that were exported from China. Thus, the Sanlu milk scandal is such a scandal that has unfairly distributed the benefits as well as the burden among the people. The company although, could very easily have avoided it; provided the company adopts those strategies that were ethical in nature and aligns with the four discussed ethical approaches at the same time. Thus, here are few recommendations that would have helped the company to sustain in the market in spite of huge amount of competition that is there in the market. The few recommendations have been discussed below. Recommendation Sanlu group should have listened to the warnings of their shareholder, Fonterra, and should have followed the act-utilitarianism. The particular approach at that moment would have helped the company to take such a decision that would have brought happiness for the majority; in this case for the organization and its employees; the customers and the stakeholders. The adoption of rule-utilitarian theory would have saved the company from taking those actions that are unethical in nature. According to the set of rules, manipulating either price or the ingredients of the products would not bring happiness to the majority of the people. Thus, if this particular theory has been adopted then it would have become easy for the organization to not to adopt any unethical decision. Thus, they could not manipulate the ingredients and thus would have gain competitive advantage in the global market, which is good for the stakeholders, shareholders and especially for the consumers of the products. The company could have adopted the individualism theory for fulfilling the long-term benefit of the organization. Many scholars and critics believe that the individualism theory has been adopted by the Sanlu, but only for the short-term profit. Thus, if the group had adopted individualism theory for the short-term gain then it would have been turned out to be advantageous for the group and for the people living in the society. The Sanlu group should have abided by the negative rights approach, and then it would not have committed the unethical act such as contaminating the milk powder with melamine. Moreover, the company should have provided justice each people, and should not have thought about the benefit of a particular group. If the company would have thought about the justice for everyone then contaminating the milk powder and risking the life of several babies would not have taken place as well. Conclusion The Sanlu milk scandal, which took place in the year 2008, not only risk the life of several babies, but at the same time it affected the international relation between the countries as well. Many countries suspected that the things that are produced in China are not at all good and thus they did not allowed the exported Chinese goods in the country. Thus, the financial economy of the people too, suffered a lot. Moreover, the shareholders of the other countries, such as Fonterra, of New Zealand, who had 43% of its share in the Sanlu group, too had to suffered largely. Therefore, it can be concluded that for the success of a business following business ethics is important. Business ethics is not something that people know that one will follow but it is something that people assumes that one must follow. 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